汉封泥印
封泥,又称泥封,是印章按于泥上作为实物和木制牍函封缄的凭证。卫宏《旧汉仪》中有“天子信玺皆以武都紫泥封”的记载。长沙马王堆一号汉墓出土的硬陶罐口部的封泥盒,封泥文字“¤侯家丞”,甘肃金塔县汉代“肩水金关”遗址出土的封存文书的封泥装置上的封泥盒,封泥文字“居延右尉”,是古人使用封泥形式的珍贵物证。我们现在见到的这一时期的印章几乎全是白文(阴文),就是因为阴文钤于泥土变为阳文,易于辨识。封泥与古玺相表里,它可以说是秦汉印章在泥上的“印蜕”实物。隋唐以后,纸张的盛行,替代了简牍,印色取代了泥,封泥丧失了它的社会功能而逐渐退出了历史舞台。</P><P> 封泥,不仅具有非同寻常的考古学术价值,更具有丰富的艺术内涵。经学者考证,现存的秦汉印实物,多半是殉葬用的明器,并非那个时期的实用印章,它的制作技术和艺术水平都难以和实用印章相比,而封泥则是由官方正式颁发的玺印,或者私家常用的玺印钤出的。因此封泥上的印文,真实地反映了当时印章艺术的实际情况,无疑它是古代印章文化不可多得的宝贵遗产。另一方面,由于施行封泥时,软泥入槽多少不一,如正好填满方槽,则泥块干后呈方形,如软泥多而溢出方槽,则这块泥干后呈不规则的圆形,加之年代久远,自然剥蚀脱落致使封泥的边缘残缺破损,这种宽厚的边栏,粘连断续,极富变化,给人以古拙质朴,自然率真的美感,其美妙在于实中见虚,虚中见灵,气格壮伟雄强而意味纯朴谐和,天然去雕饰。</P>
<P> 封泥在篆刻艺术史上具有十分重要的地位,清末篆刻大师吴昌硕印作中,那种高古雄浑,大气磅礴的风貌,无不留有封泥的气质和古韵。他是从封泥中吸取养份,最有成就的一代宗师,吴氏在《聋缶》一印的边款中曰:“力拙而锋锐,貌古而神虚,学封泥者宜守此二语。”又说“方劲处兼圆转,古封泥时或见之”。</P><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320258747.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320258747.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
思车丞印[实物]
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320322843.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320322843.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
杜丞之印[实物]
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320347173.bmp" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320347173.bmp\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
御府丞印[实物]
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320422130.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320422130.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
宗正[实物]
汉封泥印－1
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320515875.gif" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320515875.gif\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />博昌
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320544674.bmp" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320544674.bmp\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
鄯善都尉
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320933920.gif" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320933920.gif\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
御史大夫
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320941153.gif" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320941153.gif\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
大司空印章
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320722747.gif" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320722747.gif\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
少府丞印
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320746416.gif" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2004-9/200492320746416.gif\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
丞相之印章
[align=right][color=#000066][此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-23 20:10:49编辑过][/color][/align]
<P>早知道书先生有解释，我也就不用查辞典了。</P><P>不过，辞典上的说法是不是封泥的另一种用途？</P>[em01][em01][em01][em01][em01] 欣赏了.
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